Abbé (abbot)

The head of an abbaye (abbey) for monks. Cluny has seen some great abbots in its time, of which some were canonized.
In the picture the grave of Saint-Mayeul and Saint-Odilon, both abbots of Cluny in the 10th and 11th century.
The grave is located in the former clunisien (Cluniac) priorale (priory church) in Souvigny (03).

Église Saint Pierre et Saint Paul - Souvigny

Abbesse (abbess)

The head of an abbaye (abbey) for moniales (nuns).
This picture (Wikipedia) comes originally from a 19th century Swedish encyclopedia.

Abbesse - Wikipedia

Chanoine (canon)

A Roman Catholic clergyman, who is not bound by a pledge like monks.
Originally however, canons did follow the rules of Saint-Augustine (picture from Wikipedia).

Saint-Augustine

Chanoine régulier (canon regular)

A canon living in a religious community.
In the picture (from internet) some chanoines réguliers from the abbaye Sainte-Marie de la Grasse in la Grasse (11).

Chanoine régulier - internet

Chanoine séculier (secular canon)

A canon living outside a religious community, but having links with society.
In the picture the canons of the Saint-Salvator chapitre (chapter), who advise the bishop of Bruges (Belgium).

Chanoine séculier - Wikipedia

Chapitre (chapter)

College of chanoines (canons) forming a community or advising a bishop.
As can be seen on this Belgian beer label (from internet), a chapter does not have to be a boring bunch of canons.
See also salle du chapitre and salle capitulaire.

Chapitre - internet

Doyen (dean)

The person responsible for a doyenné (deanery).
The picture shows the dean of Eeklo (Belgium) delivering his New Year's speech.

Doyen - internet

Evêque (bishop)

A clerical official in charge of an évêché or diocèse (diocese).
In the picture a bishop in best bib and tucker.

The bishop of Regensburg (D) - Wikipedia

Prieur (prior)

Clergyman who is in charge of a prieuré (priory).
The picture shows one of former priors of the prieuré of New South Wales (Australia) of the Maltese Order .
The picture was taken from their website.

Prieur - internet